Noninvasive prenatal screening, often known as NIPT, is a procedure used to assess the likelihood that a foetus would be born with specific genetic disorders. Small DNA fragments that are floating about in a pregnant woman's blood are examined by this test. These pieces are known as cell-free DNA because they are free-floating and not contained within cells, in contrast to most DNA, which is found inside the nucleus of a cell (cfDNA). When cells break down and die, their contents, including DNA, are released into the bloodstream as minute fragments with an average size of fewer than 200 DNA base pairs. The mother's bloodstream during pregnancy contains a mixture of cfDNA from her cells and cells from the placenta. The placenta is tissue in the uterus that links the fetus and the mother’s blood supply. These cells are shed into the mother’s bloodstream throughout pregnancy. The DNA in placental cells is usually identical to the DNA of the fetus. Analyzing cfDNA from the placenta provides an opportunity for early detection of certain genetic abnormalities without harming the fetus.
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