Noninvasive prenatal screening, often known as NIPT, is a procedure used to assess the likelihood that a fetus would be born with specific genetic disorders. Small DNA fragments that are floating about in a pregnant woman's blood are examined by this test. These pieces are known as cell-free DNA because they are free-floating and not contained within cells, in contrast to most DNA, which is found inside the nucleus of a cell. Since only the pregnant mother must have her blood drawn and the fetus is not at risk, NIPT is regarded as noninvasive. NIPT is a screening test, therefore it cannot conclusively determine whether or not a fetus has a genetic disorder. The test can only provide an estimate of whether there is an increased or decreased chance of developing specific illnesses. There are instances where NIPT findings show a lowered risk for a genetic disorder when the fetus is actually affected (false negative) or a false positive when the fetus is actually unaffected. The NIPT test has the potential to identify a genetic disorder in the mother because it examines both maternal and fetal cfDNA.
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